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PPDA The case: On the plagiarism to the economy to the economy of plagiarism

Recently, the great writer, journalist incidental (unless it is otherwise), pass-me-the-pepper-first (Sorry, it's the nickname Desproges that gave him and admit him to prefer the original) was found entangled in a murky affair plagiarism of an existing work during the production of its "own" biography of Hemingway. In fact, it is not always well today if he himself has plagiarized or if the person in charge of writing in its place the so-called biography by his negro-term spent - that is guilty plagiarism. For, in a sort of abyss into fun and maddening at the same time - as Nietzsche wrote, "When you look at the abyss, the abyss also looks into you"-the question is: Does the copier copied the work or he copied copier copier's work?

[player, I feel that headache coming and that you are planning to zap already on Regis blog, much less headlock]

teachers, including myself, have all faced this problem of plagiarism when he is asked students to provide a written personal conduct outside of class. In the best case, a file contains three clear evidence of plagiarism, sometimes a little unconscious, which is the growing of "cut and paste chunks of text, sometimes not even proofread.

[ In such great classic anthology of dunces, a record written in 2010 that "the policy of our company ..." after being pumped back a wave file of presentation of a strategy, or "Beyond the year 1995, future prospects are promising ... "]

What is plagiarism? I use the definition in Black's Law Dictionary, as "t he act of literary Appropriating the composition of Another, gold shares or passages of historical writings, gold gold The Ideas Of The Sami language, and passing 'em off As The product of one's "own mind. "

Plagiarism is not just a copy paste, but also the act of stealing the idea from someone and to attribute it with a generosity so that commands respect. I only speak of the strict form of plagiarism mentioned in the first part of this quotation, namely the "cut and paste" seem to work in the case PPDA.

[I burst out laughing also about defending the individual against the prosecution, which says in all seriousness this: "'I am naturally documented from the many existing biographies, among them that of Griffin - biography copied (NDLA) - I think the best on the young Hemingway. But I was not going to reinvent a life! ". I plan also to me personally" document "blogs frequently on French economy because, well eh! I'm not going to reinvent the economic analysis. ]

Plagiarism is a recent phenomenon but apparently not in full blast. It does not, unfortunately, as students, but journalists and possibly academic economists. This investigation Wooders Hoover in 2005 and established on the basis of 1200 responses from academic economists surveyed, 25% felt they had been plagiarized at least once. Moreover, a significant proportion of academic economists surveyed (35%) tends to define plagiarism fairly strict, of copying a quotation without assigning it, using the ideas of others not listed n ' is probably not strictly or plagiarism, as opposed to the definition a little higher.

most disturbing is that for other populations, the results are comparable, if one relies on quick review of the literature conducted by Collins for example, Judge and Rickman in 2007 in the E uropean Journal of Law and Economics : about one quarter of English students said they had plagiarized at least once during their studies and 16% more than once. This proportion is even higher in North America, where 38% of students admit to plagiarism.

This attitude is even more curious by the students as sanctions for discovery of plagiarism are not small, and that teachers easily detect (But not often enough) plagiarism when they bother to look. From a social standpoint, the cost of student plagiarism may not be negligible, because it implies a potential challenge to the value of a degree (that is to say that ultimately , plagiarism is a negative externality suffered by the students themselves) first, and secondly, it takes up valuable time for teachers and researchers concerned with detecting fraud, which diverts business more productive, such as research and teaching.

The saving works or behavioral psychology that bear on the subject are relatively rare, if we stay on the problem of plagiarism and no fraud or cheating in very general terms.
However, I just give a result on the behavior of cheating in general as they are observed in the laboratory because it is also a way to reflect on the reasons for the behavior of plagiarism and so on mechanisms to fight that. The study Schwieren Weichselbaumer and published in 2010 in the Journal of Economic Psychology particular shows that over the economic environment of experimental subjects is competitive, the more they tend to cheat more generally. According to their findings, women are more affected by this reaction to competitive pressure than men.

A study by Dan Ariely amusing and (see this link ) specifically addresses the use of plagiarism "industrial" by the students, through the order that they may go to specialized sites involving tests or dissertations on different topics for a fee.
The outcome of the story returns I find so troubling to the mishap of PPDA. Ariely and his colleague Aline Grüneisen pass editorial control trials from four different sites on the topic of cheating (typically at Ariely humor!). They compile and evaluate studies and essays that are essentially paying are a jumble of nonsense rambling, with little value to a final academic point of view, which reassures the ability of students using in this scheme to deceive their teachers. However, the story does not end there and the drop is even more interesting: They then take these four essays to website specialized in detecting plagiarism. The result is instructive: two of these essays, from 35 to 40% of the content is directly plagiarized!

[ From there to think, reader, that PPDA has ordered her next book about the life of Hemingway on the site OTURBIN.COM there that I do not ever allow myself to do ...]

What to do when faced with this behavior. A recent study by Dee and Jacob published as NBER working paper in 2010 uses the method of experience in the field ("field experiment") to assess the impact of different policies on the behavior of plagiarism. Experimenters randomly placed half of a pool of 1200 students who achieve an essay in a group where they have previously used (ie before writing) to an online tutorial that allows self-evaluate their own behavior and perceptions of plagiarism (if you're interested reader will see there), it order to make students aware of this problem. Other students have no special training and are therefore the control group.
The authors observe that particular group of students who have used this tutorial plagiarizes significantly less than other (more precisely the likelihood of resorting to plagiarism is even lower than their test score of understanding of the tutorial Plagiarism is high), and that this effect can not be attributed to greater awareness of the risks arising from plagiarism, but rather to increased knowledge of what constitutes plagiarism really for these students.

To conclude this small review a bit anecdotal, a recent study Ariely and Norton published in 2010 in Psychological Science shows that to consume counterfeit items (ie Copies of consumer goods, wearing fake Rayban into their experience) is usually done by individuals who are themselves prone to cheating personally. Moreover, the wearing of counterfeit items encourages others (those who do not necessarily counterfeit) to cheat more frequently.

Well, if a reader knows personally PPDA, the whole question now is if he wears Rayban counterfeit Lacoste polos Made in Syldavia or sweaters made in Armor Lux Borduria ...